解决GitLabRunner运行任务时提示 “ERROR: Job failed (system failure): prepare environment: exit code 1” 的问题

ERROR: Job failed (system failure): prepare environment: exit code 1

Running with gitlab-runner 15.0.0 (xxxxxxx)
Preparing the "docker" executor
ERROR: Preparation failed: failed to create network: 
Error response from daemon: could not find an available, non-overlapping IPv4 address...

# 查看Docker网络状态（Linux环境示例）
$ docker network ls
NETWORK ID     NAME      DRIVER    SCOPE
deadbeef1234   bridge    bridge    local
cafebabe5678   host      host      local

# 检查可用IP段
$ docker network inspect bridge | grep Subnet
                    "Subnet": "172.17.0.0/16"

[[runners]]
  name = "docker-runner"
  url = "https://gitlab.com/"
  token = "xxxxx"
  executor = "docker"
  [runners.docker]
    # 关键配置项
    tls_verify = false
    image = "alpine:latest"
    privileged = false
    shm_size = 0
    network_mode = "bridge"  # 网络模式需要与实际环境匹配

# 解决方案：重建Docker默认网络
$ systemctl stop docker
$ ip link set dev docker0 down
$ brctl delbr docker0
$ systemctl start docker

# 预防措施：扩展IP地址池
$ cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
  "bip": "172.26.0.1/24",
  "default-address-pools": [
    {"base":"172.28.0.0/16","size":24}
  ]
}

# .gitlab-ci.yml配置示例
job_with_privilege:
  script:
    - docker info
  tags:
    - docker
  variables:
    DOCKER_DRIVER: overlay2
  before_script:
    - echo "设置特权模式"
  # 对应Runner配置需要开启privileged

$ gitlab-runner --debug run
...
DEBU[0001] Creating container configuration... 
config={... Mounts:[] ...}
ERRO[0002] Preparation failed: Error: No such image: nonexistent-image 

# pre_check.sh
#!/bin/bash
check_docker() {
  if ! command -v docker &> /dev/null; then
    echo "Docker未安装"
    exit 1
  fi
  
  if ! docker info &> /dev/null; then
    echo "Docker服务异常"
    exit 1
  fi
}

check_disk_space() {
  threshold=90
  usage=$(df / | awk 'NR==2 {print $5}' | sed 's/%//')
  [ $usage -ge $threshold ] && echo "磁盘空间不足" && exit 1
}

check_docker
check_disk_space

# 在config.toml中增加资源限制配置
[runners.docker]
  memory = "4g"
  memory_swap = "8g"
  cpu_shares = 512
  shm_size = "2g"

# 推荐的基础镜像配置
FROM alpine:3.16

# 安装必要工具集
RUN apk add --no-cache \
    git \
    openssh-client \
    docker-cli \
    python3 \
    py3-pip

# 配置缓存目录
ENV PIP_CACHE_DIR=/cache/.pip

# 多执行器混合配置示例
[[runners]]
  name = "docker-prod"
  executor = "docker"
  [runners.docker]
    image = "prod-image:latest"

[[runners]]
  name = "shell-util"
  executor = "shell"
  builds_dir = "/opt/builds"

# 实时监控Runner节点
$ watch -n 5 "echo 'CPU使用率:' && top -bn1 | grep 'Cpu(s)' && echo '内存使用:' && free -h"

# 日志自动归档脚本
find /var/log/gitlab-runner/ -name "*.log" -mtime +7 -exec gzip {} \;